Classroom Management Action Plan | Example

Classroom focus Action end ExampleClassroom ManagementIntroductionClassroom worry is a term that refers to the techniques and skills that teachers use to keep school-age childs organized, foc apply, on labour, indian lodgely, attentive, and academic productive, during start upitioning. When teachers implement the correctroom management strategies effectively, they minimize the spirts that obstruct development for both individual students and group of students season maximizing behaviors that enhance or facilitate contemplateing. A lack of classroom management is also a major factor that befools teachers leave their profession deep down their first year. I am facing any(prenominal) ch bothenges with the students that I teach. I welcome developed an appropriate solution and action designing that I would number to achieve it. I harbor learnt several things from my research that would tending me in my future classroom management.PROBLEM CLASSROOM MANAGEMENTAs a original school teacher who is on placement, am faced with several issues regarding disorderly and disruptive behavior from my student such as talking, getting up from their chairs to offer to other students desks with reveal permission, disobedience, aggressive behavior and refusal to finish assigned task or school naturalise. My inability to throw their behavior them has led to my lack of teaching them in right-hand(a) order as required. The first reason for this issue is that this is because of my inexperience since this is my first role with a school setting of dealing with different children. Secondly, it is due to an underprivileged family footing that most of the children come from. For example, some of them be from single pargonnt family, other are living in extreme poverty conditions, and some parents are non concerned with their children education. Lastly, this is because of the different students ability to grasp information, For example lack of attention.EVALUATIO N RELATED TO MY SOLUTIONTo solve the above problems, I have a bun in the oven realized that I occupy to implement a classroom management component. This is because the purlieu in which the students learn in is very important, and can stimulate a learning atmosphere. Secondly, my behavior towards the students, how I interact and treat them is a concern on how they would act. I would develop a aim of dominance in the class, by body language in a different situation, eye contact with the students, for example, when affirming an action to them. In addition, I should develop a commanding attitude towards the students in my class, encouraging them to come in in class activities, treating all students fairly and equally.The other important thing is to express my expectations from them. For example, how they should act in class, at the beginning of the slighton I clearly show them what I expect from them at the end of the lesson. In addition, how they should relate to one another and ultimately make agreements with them on different issues in class that they should do and not do. We agree with them the repercussions when they do not follow the agreements we have set together. I would prepare different learning skills and lessons to be adapted to incorporate the students interest instead of relying only on my scheme of extend. I would also get involved with what the students go through outside the class. This would include learning more nearly their kins, if they are in need, are they from divided homes, language barriers between them and me, and lastly handle students with special needs carefully.ACTION PLAN style ArrangementWhen the students enter the class, they are hit with exciting colors on the walls, with windows lighting reflecting on the different things on the wall, as they walk to their big merry-go-round t sufficient. They can discover at their colleagues as they are facing each other. When they look at the wall they see arts, maps, famous people, and student work all portrayed in different posters that are colorful around the class. No work is in white paint. From my desk that is also in the circle, I allow for let the lesson. The students will get out their books and colorful pens to brand todays lesson. I believe the classroom set up would have a re give awayable effect on the student and the environment would make them think discuss, and reflect on the lesson. The set up would help me walk around the class and look at what they are doing and their sitting arrangement will make them be able to interact with one another making room for discussions. The student work on the wall will help them feel part of the class. Classroom RulesThe high hat rule I would have will be a class is a place of learning, and we should all respect each other. If I respect them and they respect each other and me, I believe this would create a in effect(p) environment for learning. I would allow the students to eat and drink in class as long as they dispose of their waste correctly. However, I will send word them from the beginning that the privilege withdrawal things get out of control. I would create a class constitution if the behavior of the students were inconsistent. I will involve the students in making the rules, and allow them to discuss which ones to be in the constitution. I believe that involving them would make it a must for them to obey, and they will not fight back on the consequences of not obeying. I would make them write the final copy and hang it in class. To add on I would give them a copy to score to their parents to read, sign, and then return to school. This would help make the parents involved in what we are trying to do in class. In addition, I will be swelled the students a newsletter monthly to tell apart to their parents describing what we are doing in class. I believe involving the parents in their children schoolwork will make them support their children at home with any(preno minal) issue arising.I also compulsion to create an environment whereby there is a good student teacher kindred with my class. This is so because my students are from different telescopes, and want to create an atmosphere where they feel they are equal to each other by the way I treat them. I do not want to assume their capability in education by the way they look or act. I do not want their background difference to affect communication in class. I believe this is the foundation of most behavioral problems begin. Therefore, I would like to create an environment whereby I withdraw by students as unique people with different cultures that I can relate, respect, and like them. In addition, be able to communicate and leanen to them. I want my student to be able to relate their life experiences in our class exercises, teaching them to appreciate and celebrate cultural differences. I want to have an at large(p) forum class meetings whereby we discuss what is working or not for us in class. In addition, then implement the suggestions and ideas we have discussed. Am interested in finding out what the students are thinking of, and converting the environment to their liking as much as thinkable. This would make the student feel part and in control of their learning. In the case of a consistent misbehavior, I would ask the student to meet me aft(prenominal) class. I would start by praising him on what he is doing well in class and explain to him how his behavior is interfering with the class. In addition, I would advise them on what to do to stop the behavior. In a class if they persist I would isolate them to seat alone at the back, if they persist I would call their parents to come to school and then we discuss the three of us. I believe in involving the parents in disciplining the child precisely disagreeing with sending the students at home. Class ProceduresI want to develop consistency with the procedures I use in class. For example, I will be putting the c lass program on the blackboard for them to copy when they come to class, use assignments some successions to engage them in their written material skills. In addition, I will use inter officious notebooks for them to do all their homework and class work in them. I would staple loose assignments to the notebooks this would help them when revising for exams. I would them stamp every student book that has done the homework. I would then collect the books after every two weeks to grade them. The stamping is to make the students finish the assignment before the two weeks. The stamping is just a motivation for them to do the homework on time before the grading day. I will assist those who are not understanding with the home and class work. I will also grade their class participation in class. This would make them participate in various class activities. Encouraging all studentsBill Rogers has different techniques on classroom management starting with preventing to positive management and ending with consequences. This is a very humane and logical approach to handling students. He gives strategies that teachers can use to work with the students for both of them control how the students behavior, instead of a teacher being authoritative, strict, and disciplinarian. Rogerss first plan shows techniques to use to prevent problems dealing with discipline. Secondly, he distinguishes responsibilities from declines claiming that they need to balance. Under the rights, Rogerss majors on how the students have a right to learn, feel safe, respected, and handled with dignity. I believe at the beginning of the term students be told their rights and explained to what they should do to have them. It is significant vital for the students to feel emotionally and physically safe for a good learning atmosphere to be established. Teachers should emphasize on how they treat each other, with full of respect and no life history each other names.Still at the establishment power point, h e emphasizes on teachers consistent in establishing rules for the class. I agree with the rule because it would create accountability for the student concerned. However, if the problem persists force should be used to correct the child. Establishing attention is a preventive technique. Teachers should not speak over the noise. I agree because there is a particular place in class where I stand and the students keep quiet.Rogers talk about positive correction as a way to idea the correction. His emphasis on address what a student should do instead of majoring on the problem. He should just state it and leave to give the student the right to choose to control their behaviors and not doing things just to please the teacher or other students. This has helped because when I find a student out of line, I tell them to stop and walk away, giving the student room to correct the mistake. Rogerss deals with consequences by assisting the student find a connection between outcome and behavior. H e insists that the consequence should be reasonable and related. I agree with the point because it gives the students a chance to decide about their own behavior. This would strengthen the teacher student relationship because the student feel fairly treated per the mistake done.ConclusionI have learnt that classroom management is a key component in any educational setting. I will use it to create a good environment for learning and to make my student feel safe participating. It does not think punishing the behavior, but it involves setting up the right tone in class, preventing bad behaviors and encouraging a good relationship with the students, while encouraging them to do well and setting high expectations for them. I believe it is possible to create the environment that would limit the behavior problems from the start in my classroom.ReferencesMarzano, R. J., Marzano, J. S., Pickering, D. (2003). Classroom management that deeds research-based strategies for every teacher. Alex andria, Va Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.Whitaker, T. (2003). What great principals do differently fifteen things that matter most. Larchmont, N.Y. Eye on Education.Canter, L., Canter, M. (2001). Assertive discipline positive behavior management for todays classroom (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA Canter Associates.Abu Nemrah, M. (2006). Classroom Management and Organization. 2nd Edition. Amman Dar Yafa.Erythromycin Stearate disconcertts Quality assurance AssessmentErythromycin Stearate Tablets Quality Assurance AssessmentQUALITY ASSURANCE ASSESSMENT OF SOME COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE TABLETS.Aiwaguore Johnbull Obarisiagbon1*, Oladejo Peter Ogunlowo2ABSTRACTErythromycin drug products have been mostly import into Nigeria from different countries of the world with relatively no Nigeria based pharmaceutic company manufacturing same. Cases of therapeutic failures have been reported in some of our hospitals. Hence, the need arises to study some o f the physicochemical parameters of some of the available drug products in the Nigerian Pharmaceutical Market with a view to detecting drug products that meet the specified formulary standards and those that fall short of such standards. The parameters measured were the uniformity of cant over, friability, tensile strength, confusion time and decomposition rate of 12 selected erythromycin stearate viosterolmg film-coated pills. The tensile strength of the tablets was compulsive using the static gist method and Mosanto hardness tester to find the crushing strength and their results compared. The 12 samples disintegrated inwardly 30mins with four of them disintegrating at bottom 3mins, suggestive of possible inclusion of superdisintegrants in their formulations. All products, except two had a percentage release of the drug within 90mins of 70% and above. The friability of three of the products exceeded 1%. However, their tensile strengths did not prolong the disintegration time beyond the semiofficial limits. The results obtained from the physicochemical testing of the drug products revealed the failure of two products having release rates of less than 70% within 90mins. Further tests need to be done on these two products (namely Rycin and Erythromycin 500mg) in order to draw a more definite conclusion.Keyword stearic acid, formulation, physicochemical, friabilityINTRODUCTIONErythromycin stearate is the stearic acid salt of erythromycin, with an excess of stearic acid. It is a white, bitter crystalline powder, which is practically insoluble in water, but soluble in acetone and in methanol. The solutions may be opalescent 1.Erythromycin is available as the free base, ethylsuccinate estolate, gluceptatae and lactobinnate derivatives. When given orally, erythromycin and its derivatives except the estolate are inactivated to some extent by the gastric acid, and poor absorption may result. Erythromycin is a typical representative of the macrolide group of antibiotics and is produced by Streptomyces erythreasThe tertiary aminoalkane of desosamine confers a basic character to erythromycin (pKa 8.8). Through this group, a number of acid salts of the antibiotic have been prepared. A second sugar, Clandinose, which is unique to erythromycin, is attached via a -glycosidic linkage to the C-3 position of the lactone ring. Erythromycin stearate tablets contain the equivalent of not less than 90.0 percent and not more than 120.0 percent of the labeled amount of erythromycin (C37H67NO13).1Clinically, erythromycin is widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Like penicillin G, it is a broad spectrum antibiotic and it is effective against most gram negative and gram positive bacteria compared to other antibiotics. The side effects are relatively low. Current indications for the drug include respiratory infections and whooping cough. Erythromycin is also known to be active against penicillin resistant Staphylococcus, Chlamydia an d mycoplasma. The base and the salt, by being unstable at acid pH, are absorbed in the upper part of the intestine 2. To assure higher(prenominal) blood concentrations, the drug should be administered in the form of coated tablets that dissolve in the duodenum 3.Physiological factors such as the presence of food and intestinal social movement and transit time, may affect the absorption of the drug with a consequent variation in bioavailability. 4,5 Highest serum concentrations of the base or stearate is 0.3 0.5 g/ml, four hours after administration. It rapidly reaches bacteriocidal concentrations in all tissues and body fluids except in the brain. It is usually eliminated in the active form from urine, and bile, but part of the drug is also metabolized by demethylation2.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThis study was undertaken to analyze and compare some of the physicochemical properties such as disintegration and dissolution of coated erythromycin stearate tablets from twelve different ph armaceutical companies. All the drug products were imported into the Nigerian Pharmaceutical Market from abroad.The study is also to ascertain the extent to which these drug products conform to the standards as specified in the pharmacopoeias.MATERIALS AND METHODSWeight VariationFrom each product sample, 20 tablets were randomly selected and the weight of each tablet was determined. The mean weight and standard deviation were calculated.Friability x previously weighed tablets from each product sample were subjected to cascading and free fall shocks in the drum of a fraibilator set to rotate at 25 rpm for 4 minutes. The tablets were deducted of any adherent particles and reweighed. The difference in tablet weight was determined and the friability calculated as followsKeyW1 = Original weightW2 = Final weight waxy StrengthThe crushing strengths of the tablets were determined individually with the aid of the static loading equipment. This was done by placing standard weights (kg) on t op of the tablet until it yielded. The centre weight was calculated as the maximum load (kg) that caused the tablets to break. This was then converted to Newton. With the vernier caliper, the width (thickness) and diameter of the tablets were measured in millimeter. Triplicate determinations were done for each product sample and the mean recorded.Disintegration runnelSix tablets per product sample were subjected to the B.P disintegration test and the mean value of the disintegration time calculated. The disintegration medium (sodium phosphate buffer pH 8) was maintained at a temperature of 37oC 0.5oC.Standard CurveA standard calibration persuade was prepared as follows 250mg (potency) erythromycin stearate was weighed and dissolved in 50ml methanol and sodium phosphate buffer solution, pH 8.0 was added to make exactly 100ml, giving a concentration of 2.5mg/ml. This was diluted serially with the sodium phosphate buffer solution to obtain the following concentrations 1,2,3,4,5 and 6g/ml.The absorbance of the standard solutions were measured at 365nm using the UV spectrophotometer. The test was carried out in triplicate and plots of absorbance versus concentration were obtained as shown in the Figure 3.1.Dissolution rate of samplesA stirred beaker method (Okor et al, 2002) was used. A caplet containing 500mg of erythromycin stearate was placed in a stationary cylindrical basket (aperture size 425m, diameter 2cm and height 3cm) suspended in 800ml of sodium phosphate buffer pH 8.0 as dissolution medium. The medium was maintained at a temperature 37 0.5oC and stirred at 100rpm with a single blade Gallenkamp stirrer. This was done with care to exclude air bubbles from the appear of the tablets. At various intervals, a 5ml specimen was withdrawn from a fixed zone, mid-way between the surface of the dissolution medium and the top of the cylindrical basket, not less than 1cm from the vessel wall. Every aliquot withdrawn for analysis was replaced with an equal vol ume of fresh dissolution medium at the same temperature. The aliquot was diluted 1 in 100 and then filtered through a Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The absorbance of the filtrate was determined at 365nm.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSample brands of Erythromycin Stearate tablets The list of different brands of erythromycin stearate 500mg tablets used in this study is shown in Table 3.1. Two brands, Erythrocin-500 (Abbott Laboratories, Pakistan) and Erotab-500 (Hovid) had no NAFDAC Registration Number. These products were probably smuggled into the Nigerian drug foodstuff without proper clearance by the authorities concerned, or the registration process was not yet concluded before the drugs were made available in the commercialize for public consumption.All the drug samples had expiry dates with two samples Icethrocin (India) and Zin Zine (India) having expiry dates of 12/2011. It is also observed that all the 12 samples were imported into Nigeria from abroad, with 8 samples from India. The standard curve obtained is a straight line with the regression coefficient equation of y = 0.014 x + 0.000. (Figure 3.1)TABLE 3.1 LIST OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF ERYTHROMYCINSTEARATE 500MG TABLETS USED IN THE STUDYS/NoBRAND NAMEMANUFACTURERB. No.MFG DATEEXP. DATENAFDAC REQ. No1.Erythrocin-500Abbott Laboratories (Pakistan)96282XVDec. 120132.ErymycinMercury laboratories Lt. Unit II GUJARAT, India.9158403March 2009Feb. 201204-84193.Enthrox-500Falma Laboratories (P) Ltd 54A Industrial Area, Bangalore, India.50July 2010April 2013A4-09154.Althrocin-S 500Alembic Ltd. Plot 21/2 Vadodara 390003, India.89970084EJan. 201010/20120433285.Erotab-500HovidAK1161212/20126.Ice throcinStallion Laboratories PVT9293MD1/IDE12/11A4-31337.Donythrocin-500Medopharm, 34B, Industrial Area, Malur- 563 130, India.8E42May200812/20120431408.ZinzineMicro Laboratories Ltd. 92, Siplot, Hosur-635 126, India.ZZTJ 0044January, 200912/201104-61749.Rycin ErythromycinMedreich contain Bangalore-560 062, India.690326December, 200905/20 1304-757010.Labcin 500Laborate Pharmaceutical E-1 I hid Area Panipat 132103, India.LNFT-001June, 2010July 201204-617411Erythromycm 500mgMekopher ChemicalPharmaceutical JomtStock Co Mmli City,Vietnam.10001 AXDecember, 2010,12/06/J04-75 7012.Eryfast-500 ErythromycinMedibios LaboratoriesPvt. Ltd, J-76, MIDC Tarapur Thane-40 1506,India.MD003August, 2008Aug. 20.10A4-3007Uniformity of WeightAccording to the USP 1980 20 tablets are to be used in the determination, and there is compliance if each of the individual weights is within the limit of 90% and 110% of the average weight. Table 3.3 shows the mean weight of the various samples of Erythromycin stearate tabletsTable 3.3 Mean weight of the various samples of erythromycin stearate tabletsS/NBrand NameMean Weight( SD)Remarks1Erythrocin-5001.13 0.02Passed2Erythromycin1.10 0.22Passed3.Enthrox-5000.92 0.01Passed4.Althrocin-S5001.01 02Passed5.Erotab-5000.98 0.01Passed6.Icethrocin0.99 0.01Passed7.Donythrocin-5000.93 0.01Passe d8Zin-Zine1.01 0.01Passed9.Rycin 0.91 0.02Passed10Labcin 5000.88 0.02Passed11.Erythromycin 500mg0.97 0.03Passed12.Eryfast 5000.93 0.01PassedFriability TestThe result of friability test of the various samples of erythromycin stearate (film coated) tablets is as shown in Table 3.4. The friability of a tablet is a measure of interparticualte cohesiveness of the particles and is a function of tablet hardness. A maximum mean weight loss of not more than 1.0% is considered acceptable for most products. From the table, products 1,2 and 7 failed the friability test, with friability determine greater than 1.0%. It is expected therefore, that these product samples would break, chip or wear out during handling and transportation experienced in the manufacturing plant, in the drug distribution organisation and in the field at the hands of the end users (patients/consumers). These effects would result in possible loss in active drugs administered.Table 3.4 Some of the physicochemical properties of the erythromycin stearate tablets.Tensile strength (MN/m2)S/NoBrand NameFriability (%)Static loading methodMonsanto hardness testerDisintegrationtime (mins)1.Erythrocin-5001.551.9171.9225.472.Erymycin2.042.5902.5942.443.Enthrox-5000.826.0506.0020.464.Althrocin-S5000.254.1904.18414.405.Erotab-5000.516.6806.67020.466.Icethrocin0.765.3705.40220.837.Donythrocin-5001.334.5904.5861.838.Zin Zine0.254.8204.7505.469.Rycin Erythromycin0.002.7302.7502.4210.Labcin-5000.876.7806.80216.2111.Erythromycin-500mg0.264.4604.4687.1112.Eryfast-500 Erythromycin0.272.9402.9502.813.4 Tensile StrengthThe tensile strength of the product samples are shown in Table 3.4. The results from the two methods used are compared, i.e. the static loading and the Monsanto Hardness Tester methods. Using Students t-test, the results showed that the differences were not statistically significant at 95% confidence level. In a previous work on comparison of testers by Brook and Marshall (11), it was affirmed tha t variations in crushing strength values between instruments are due in part to inaccuracies in instrument scale values, zero errors and varying methods of applying the load. Calibration is therefore necessary for accurate measurement using one instrument or when examine results from more than one tester.This is the measure of the mechanical integrity of tablets, which is the force required to cause them to fracture (i.e. break) in a specific plane. The hardness did not have significant influence on the disintegration times of the product samples.Disintegration TimeOral uncoated tablets are expected to disintegrate in 15 minutes unless otherwise stated. Sugar and film coated tablets are allowed 30mins to 1hour within which to disintegrate. The 12 product samples of erythromycin stearate were all film coated, and all disintegrated within the official time of one hour.The disintegration time of 4 products namely, samples 2,7,9 and 12 were below 5 minutes. There is the probability tha t some types of super disintegrants were employed in these formulations. preoccupancy (g/ml)Fig 3.1 Standard curves for Erythromycin stearate at max 365 nm.Dissolution TestThe dissolution rates of the various samples of erythromycin stearate tablets are shown in Table 3.5. This table shows the amount of erythromycin dissolved at times 45 and 90 minutes respectively in percentages. All the product samples except Rycin (62.4%) and Erythromycin-500mg (65.50%) had more than 70% of drug released within 90 minutes. The relatively low percentage release of erythromycin from Rycin (62.4%) and Erythromycin 500mg (65.5%) would possibly result in poor bioavailability of the products.Erythrocin-500mg (Abott) used as reference standard at 90mins had amount dissolved of 80%. Another product Labcin also released 80% of drug after 90mins.Product samples Rycin and Erythromycin-500mg were officially cleared into the Nigeria drug market with NAFDAC Reg. No 04-3205 and 04-7570.It is therefore possible that there was a mix-up between the product samples submitted for NAFDAC registration and those currently available in the market for patients consumption. It is also possible that the types of excipients used in the formulation of these product samples (Rycin and Erythromycin-500mg) may have reduced the percentage of the drug dissolved.Table 3.5 Dissolution rate of Erythromycin Stearate tablets from the Various Samples, at 45mins and 90mins respectivelyS/NoBrand% released (45 minutes )% released (90 minutes)1.Erythrocin-50043.2080.002.Erymycin36.8072.003.Enthrox-50040.8076.804.Althrocin-S50040.0079.205.Erotab-50040.0077.606.Icethrocin46.4076.807.Donythrocin-50041.6077.608.Zin-zine40.0076.809.Rycin25.6062.4010.Labcin 50040.1680.0011.Erythromycin 500mg22.4065.5012.Eryfast-50040.8077.60Figures 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 show the dissolution profiles of the various product samples of Eryhtromycin Stearate tablets. discover 3.2 Dissolution Profiles of Erythrocin -500 (Abbot), Erymycin, Ent hrox -500.Figure 3.3 Dissolution Profiles of Althrocin S 500, Erotab- 500 (Hovid), IcethrocinFigure 3.4 Dissolution Profiles of Donythrocin -500, Zin Zine, Rycin. Figure 3.5 Dissolution Profiles of Labcin, Erythromycin 500mg, Eryfast 500CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic response to a drug in its dosage form can be predicted by studying the physicochemical and biological properties of the drug product. A thorough knowledge of the allude of the various manufacturing methods and technologies on the performance of the drug product would always be useful.In this study, 12 different products of erythromycin stearate 500mg film-coated tablets were examined. The physicochemical properties studied included weight uniformity, friability, tensile strength, disintegration time, and dissolution rate. Product samples 1, 2 and 7 (Erythromycin-500, Erymycin and Donythrocin-500 respectively) had friability values above the standard set by USP of not more than 1%. Their friability values were 1.55%, 2.04% and 1.33% respectively. It was also observed that the weight variation within each drug product was within the acceptable limit. All drug products disintegrated within 30 minutes as required for film coated tablets by the pharmacopoeias and FDA regulatory guidances11.Film-coated erythromycin base tablets are expected to be absorbed at the duodenum (pH 6 to 6.5). All drug products except No. 9 (Rycin) and No. 11(Eryhtromycin 500mg) released 70% and above within 90 minutes.There is therefore, the need for our regulatory bodies, NAFDAC, NDLEA, PCN and police Force to be adequately alert and watchful to prevail against the nefarious activities of some Nigerian nationals who possibly connive with their foreign cohorts to sneak in inferior drug products into the country even when such drugs have been initially registered.REFERENCESBritish Pharmacopoeia (2008). Her Majestys Stationary Office, London. Pp2377, 2380.Luciane C.M and Schapeval E.S (1996). Bioavailability study of coated eryt hrornycin stearate tablets in rabbits Acta Farm. Bonaevense 15(2)77-84.Fell, J.T Newton, J.M. Determination of tablet strength by the diametrical-compression test. J.Pharm.Sci. 59(5), 688 691.Tomoshenko, S. (1934). Theory of Elasticity, McGraw Hill New York, p. 82 -85, 104 109.Frocht, M.M. Plastoelasticity John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 32-39.Stanley, P Newton, J. M (1980). The tensile fracture stress of capsule-shaped tablets. J.Pharm. Pharmacol. 32(12), 852 854.Pitt, K.G, Newton, J. M Stanley, P. (1988). Tensile fracture of doubly-convex cylindrical discs under diametrical laoding. J. Mater.Sci. 23, 2723 2728.United State Pharmacopeia 2008 (31) (1217), Rockville, US Pharmacopoeia Convention Inc. p 677.FDA Regulatory guidances, FDA Website for regulatory guidances. (www. fda. gov/ cder/ guidance/index. htm)Allen, P.V, Rahn, P.D, Sarapu, A.C, Vandewielen, A.J (1978). Physical characteristics of erythromycin anhydrate and dihydrate crystalline solids. J.Pharm.Sci.(67), 1087 1 093.Brrok, D.B and Marshall, K. (2006). Crushing strength of compressed tablets 1. Comparison of testers. J. Pharm.Sci. 481 484. estimable modal value Markets in the UK and India interrogationEthical air Markets in the UK and India ResearchThinking about my future life and career, long term aims for this MA are to build useful contacts in fashion industry in UK, gain a real insight into the Ethical counterfeit Industry in UK, and hopefully complete a work placement at the Ethical mould Forum. In order to fulfill my labor,I need to do the forecast research of the Ethical flair in UK and India in order to reach to the best topic of my research.To complete this MA, good time and project managementskills is going to be one of my most important challenges. Also, my strong focus would be on strategically planning and developing research skills. Fulfilling my learning agreement goals will give me new understanding and knowledge on the Ethical Fashion Industry in UK and India.For a chieving all of the above, I need to build innumerable contacts with the fashion designer, businesses and organisation concentrating upon sustainability in the fashion industry in UK and India. Formerly, I have made enough contacts and gathered information I will then discuss and orate about my project proposal. Ultimately, when I get an enthusiastic response, by looking at the success of Ethical Fashion Market, UK, I will then exchange those ideas with Kakoli Banergee, Trustee, Satya Jyoti Trust,India to collaborate and formulate my project plan. If I receive a positive hope I would believe I have finally completed my MA journey, successfully.ANSHU YADAVInvestigate into an Ethical Fashion market in UK and India mould PROPOSALTITLEInvestigate into an Ethical Fashion market in UK and IndiaAIMUnderstand the current scenario of good fashion business in India and relate to UK. Research UKS ethical fashion business providea plan for making of a marketing body (Eco Fashion Park) for et hical fashion producer group and artisans in India.RESEARCH QUESTIONSWhat is Ethical Fashion?Defining Ethical FashionSustainability and triple bottom lineFinding out issues and practices of Ethical FashionReviewing history of ethical fashionFast Fashion and Cheap FashionWhat is the market size of Ethical Fashion?Domestic (INDIA) market research on the Ethical Fashion military control and Lifestyle.International (UK) market research on the Ethical Fashion Business and Lifestyle.What is sustainable production and consumption. Defining the sustainable production and consumptionDomestic (INDIA) industry research on methods of sustainable production and consumptionInternational (UK)industry research on methods of sustainable production and consumptionSustainable Fashion producer groups and their problems in IndiaWhat are the various assay-mark possibilities for establishing a sustainable fashion business in UK and India?Ethical standards and LabelingTrade Tariffs and BarriersWhat is va lue chain?Defining value chainResearch into linking the national ethical fashion producers and international buyers and markets.RESEARCH METHODSQuantity Case Study, Grounded Theory and Consumer reactions study.Quality Observational AnalysisANSHUYADAVInvestigate into an Ethical Fashion market in UK and India3. first-string Research Focus on gathering information on ethical fashion from India and UK3.1 Interviews with key forum members of Ethical Fashion Forum, UK.3.2 Interviews with emerging fashion and stuff designers in sustainable design in UK and India.3.3 Social networking, for instance, Face book,3.4 Fashion Business networking Ethical Fashion Forum(UK), Designer Forum(UK), Ethical Trade Initiative(UK), Craft mark (India), Labour organisations, Manufacturers of Sustainable Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics.3.5 Personal contacts in the Fashion Industry will help me gain appreciable approach.3.6 Questionnaires and Videos of various artists involved in Sustainable Fashion practices.3.7 International trend and fashion show visits. For instance, London Fashion Week, London The Cloth Show, Birmingham Premier Vision, Paris3.8 Design institutes and government bodies3.9 Non Profit Organisation, Satya Jyoti Trust, India.4. Secondary Research Focusing on Ethical Fashion Forum in UK.4.1 Co work with Ethical Fashion Forum as a research intern, on board an associate director, collecting research for EFF projects and events.4.2 To understand the implications of formulating a marketing body(Eco Fashion Park) in India, for the sustainable Practioners.4.3 Analyze Journals (MONOCLE,DRAPERS,FINANCIAL TIMES,ECO- TEXTILE) Weekly Magazines(TREND UNION,NEW CONSUMER, THE ECOLOGIST) and Online Magazine(THREAD), and Readings(ECO- CHIC, BY SANDY downheartedGREEN IS THE NEW BLACK, BY T BLANCHARD,BUSINESS ETHICS AND VALUES, BY PETE ENGARDIOSUSTAINABLE FASHION AND TEXTILES BY KATE FLETCHER.4.4Get reports from online Databases and Articles( MINTLE, GMID, JUST STYLE.COM)5. Literature Rese arch Refer to BibliographyRATIONAL OF MY PROJECTIn my view point ethical fashion is the exciting subject to study as it has been grabbing the headlines within fashion industry in recent times.It is the singularity in fashion that allows us to look at sustainability in innovative ways. Therefore, Fashion provides an opportunity of awareness for sustainability.Many sustainable practices and movements are gaining momentum and miserable towards mainstream. Green buildings, interiors, home products and even green weddings and events are flourishing, yet fashion is when embraced in sustainable ways, holds even greater impact potential. What is also unique to fashion, more so than other sustainable pathways, is that it is a large vehicle.Ethical fashion also interested me as it focuses on ill practices in the factories, poverty reduction, environment education, production and consumption issues, with a strong attention on workers health in relation to the fashion industries.Ethicall fash ion at a global level has captured my interest, for the very simple reason, that London fashion has stepped forward to promote ethical fashion clothing. Top shop, Marks and Spencer, Zara, Next, Europeon Fashion chain and USA Banana republic are all specialising in going green. With a strong focus on Ethical Fashion Forum(UK), I want to know how to create such a not for profit organisation, where the ethical fashion producer group, from field to factory to end product, exchange ideas, collaborate and communicate effectively on various sustainable practices and events .My knowledge in Ethical Fashion from UK wouldthen allow me to provide the plan of making a successful marketing body (Eco Fashion Park) for Ethical Fashion producer groups and artisans of India, in India.GOALS AND OBJECTIVESLEANING GOAL 11.1 Clarity of thoughts Think deeply for filtering clear and in-depth information.1.2 Assessed Being able to decide the best final research topic.LEARNING GOAL 22.1 Quick and Accurate Reading discover to read applicable topics and fast. Also to improve summary and note taking skills, to be able to apply useful data resource at time of compilation of my project.2.2 Assessed Allowing myself to make reading list and note publication habits.LEARNING GOAL 33.1 Professional Writing and Presentation Skills enhance my English speaking and writing skills, professional approach towards any assigned task and meeknesss.3.2 Assessed Confidently being able to articulate and present myPGC Presentation and Learning Agreement.LEARNING GOAL 44.1 Project Planning and Self Time Management Skills Producing a comprehensive project proposal with a proposed approach, research direction and schedule to be followed.4.2 Assessed Being able to produce a timely submission of Project Proposal.LEARNING GOAL 55.1 Professional Knowledge History of Ethical Fashion Design, Business and Industry, increased awareness of Ethical Fashion Business in global context.5.2 Assessed Being able to appr oach future research phase professionally.LEARNING GOAL 66.1 International Work Experience fix Co- work with Ethical Fashion Forum to gain more knowledge about Ethical Fashion6.2 Assessed Possible Case Studies and Personal Growth of modify interactive skills.LEARNING GOAL 77.1 Research orientation skills Improve my research making skills, by self understanding and implementing them in my dissertation.7.2 Assessed Being able to make a research oriented MA Dissertation in the last phase of research.PROJECT TERRAINOUTCOMESKNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDINGProject Proposal, presented in the PGC stageProject related information collection and analysis, using the primary and secondary research methodsLearning agreement refer to this documentSelf time managementSKILLS, QUALITIES AND ATTRIBUTESProject Management refer to the project time frameLearning Contract Summary FormPlan of learning resources inside the University (Oct- Nov 2008)Reading relevant magazines and books in library and using lib rary learning resource to get the marketing report which I needAttend the lectures that are related to my project proposalAttend undergraduate lectures of Fashion and Textile Management.Ask questions about y research from my tutor and supervisorMultiple photocopies of magazines, journals, report and books from libraryPlan of learning resources outside the University (Jan-June 2009)Observe the magazine market from news, reports, blogs, forum on websitesMake contacts with the relevant industry or hopefully find a research internship with Ethical Fashion Forum, UK, which can help me gain the knowledge of Sustainable Fashion and Textile industry.Maintain Chronofile (My Research log book)Academic support take for in touch with supervisors and professors during doing the projectUse the library learning resource to obtain any relevant report that I need.Practical learning demonstrate to contact as many Fashion Designers, Sustainable Fashion Producer groups, consultancys and not for Profit Organisations.Interview the people who relate to my project proposal and learn the skills of communication.Identification of learning needsSuggestions from my supervisor and tutorLectures which are related to my project proposalLatest reports and news on fashion, design and ethical fashion marketCollect a lot of documentariesrelated to sweat shops and sustainable Fashion and Textiles.Learn to get the opinions from different people and understand Ethical consumer and producer groups in UK and India.Also interact with fashion students and make videos asking about their buying attitudes towards Ethical Fashion Clothing.Skills to summarize the information that I obtain during the researchSkills to take a precise note from interview (primary research) and books and video (secondary research)Identification of non-learning resource needsAccess to university computer which has professional software to produce my document and adjusting photos and pictures cigaret date for completion of proje ct proposal